On August 9, 1897, Paterno proposed a peace based on reforms and amnesty to Aguinaldo.
Nothing was accomplished until Pedro Paterno, a lawyer from Manila, volunteered to act as a negotiator. In a statement to the Cortes Generales, he said, "I can take Biak-na-Bato, any military man can take it, but I can not answer that I could crush the rebellion." Desiring to make peace with Aguinaldo, he sent emissaries to Aguinaldo seeking a peaceful settlement. īy the end of 1897, Governor-General Primo de Rivera had accepted the impossibility of quelling the revolution by force of arms. 1897, unanimously adopt the following articles for the Constitution of the State. The separation of the Philippines from the Spanish monarchy and their formation into an independent state with its own government called the Philippine Republic has been the end sought by the Revolution in the existing war, begun on the 24th of August, 1896 and therefore, in its name and by the power delegated by the Filipino people, interpreting faithfully their desires and ambitions, we, the representatives of the Revolution, in a meeting at Biac-na-bato, Nov. The preamble of the constitution included the statement that: On November 1, 1897, the provisional constitution for the Biak-na-Bato Republic was signed. abolition of the power of the government to banish civil citizens.equal treatment and pay for Peninsular and Insular civil servants.freedom of the press and tolerance of all religious sects.the expulsion of the Friars and the return to the Filipinos of the lands which they had appropriated for themselves.Aguinaldo issued a proclamation from his hideout in Biak-na-Bato entitled "To the Brave Sons of the Philippines", in which he listed his revolutionary demands as: Within days, Aguinaldo and his men planned the establishment of a republic. Contrary to his expectations, they continued fighting.
Unable to persuade the revolutionaries to give up their arms, Governor-General Primo de Rivera issued a decree on July 2, 1897, which prohibited inhabitants from leaving their villages and towns. 1897) Revolutionary camp ay Biak-na-Bato. A hand-drawn Spanish military map of Emilio Aguinaldo's headquarters at Biak-na-bato (ca. When news of Aguinaldo's arrival there reached the towns of central Luzon, men from the Ilocos provinces, Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan, Tarlac, and Zambales renewed their armed resistance against the Spanish. Aguinaldo slipped through the Spanish cordon and, with 500 picked men, proceeded to Biak-na-Bató ("Cleft Rock" in modern Filipino: Biyak-na-Bato), a wilderness area at the town of San Miguel (now parts of San Miguel, San Ildefonso, and Doña Remedios Trinidad in Bulacan). The initial concept of the republic began during the latter part of the Philippine Revolution, when the now-undisputed leader of the revolution, Emilio Aguinaldo, became surrounded by Spanish forces at his headquarters in Talisay, Batangas. It provided for the creation of a Supreme Council, which was created on November 1, 1897, with the following officers having been elected: Position The constitution of the Republic of Biak-na-Bato was written by Felix Ferrer and Isabelo Artacho, who copied the Cuban Constitution of Jimaguayú nearly word-for-word. It was preceded and succeeded by two similarly unrecognized states: the Tejeros government and the Central Executive Committee. The Republic of Biak-na-Bato was one of a number of Filipino revolutionary states that were formed to expel the Spanish colonial regime in the Philippines but were not able to receive international recognition. It was disestablished by a peace treaty signed by Aguinaldo and the Spanish Governor-General, Fernando Primo de Rivera, which included provisions for the exile of Aguinaldo and key associates to Hong Kong. The Biak-na-Bato republic lasted just over a month.
The current designation was adopted by historians to avoid confusion with the name of the current Philippine government, which also refers to itself as the Republic of the Philippines, and with other past Philippine governments using the same designation. The Republic of Biak-na-Bato ( Filipino: Republika ng Biak-na-Bato) was the second revolutionary republican government led by Emilio Aguinaldo during the Philippine Revolution that referred to itself as the Republic of the Philippines ( Spanish: República de Filipinas Filipino: Republika ng Pilipinas) and was seated in what is now Biak-na-Bato National Park.
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